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Organic Spices
Turmeric, Ginger, Garlic, Pepper, Fenugreek, Cardamom, Cinnamon, Cumin, Chili, Nutmeg, Coriander, Mustard, Tamarind, Vanilla, Sesame
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Organic Processed Foods
Banana, Coconut, Guava, Mango, Papaya, Tomato, Onion, Honey, Arrowroot, Niger, Maize, Peanut, Rice, Castor, Red gram, Black gram, Sorghum, Cashew
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Organic Herbs
Aloe Vera, Amla, Neem, Basil, Bacopa, Licorice, Chebula, Asparagus, Ashwagandha, Stevia, Coleus, Senna
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Organic Cultivation Methods :
Nursery Management
It needs proper nursery management practices. Well-drained and fine soil with sufficient sunlight is essential factors for nursery preparation. About 25-30 nursery beds of 1mx3m size are required to get chili seedlings for one hectare of cultivation.
Following practices should be done to get healthy seedlings
- Place the seeds after sterilization of soil- in rows.
- Seed treatment is essential to prevent diseases - Mix. With Pseudomonas.
- Sow the seeds in rows - spacing 10- 15 cm between rows at the depth of 1cm.
- Put mulch on seed bed.
- Daily watering - Germination of seeds take about 7-10 days.
- Remove and place the mulch in between rows after seedlings appeared.
- Put Trichoderma & Pseudomonas if the seedlings affected by fungal diseases like, Wilt, foot rot and damping off.
- Weeding - Hand weeding.
- Hardening the seedlings - Limit water supply 7-10 days before planting.
- 35 days old seedlings suitable for planting.
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Field Establishment :
Climate and Soil Requirement
Deep, loamy, fertile soils rich in organic matter is preferred by the crop for satisfactory growth. Also need well drained soils with adequate soil moisture for the growth of the crop. Chili grows well in the dry and the intermediate part o the country.
Land Preparation
Deep ploughing up to 45cm and rotating is essential to get good soil tilt. Raised beds, Ridge & Furrows or sunken beds can be use for transplanting of chili seedlings. Two rows beds or ridges are preferred when cultivating under irrigation. Drainage factor is essential when cultivating chili especially in wet season and also cultivate in paddy fields.
Planting
Two plants can be plant in one hill
Spacing 45cm X 30cm - Under rain fed (74,000 plants/ha)
60cm X 45cm - Under Irrigation(37,000 plants/ha)
Crop Management :
Fertilizer in Application
- P.S.B
- Azotobactor
- Azospirillum
Irrigation
Total water requirement for the for 150 days is 4 acre feet(120 hectare cm)
In early stage of the crop the irrigation interval is 3-4 days. When the crop gets well established it is 5-6 days that also depend on the soil type and evapo-transpiration of the area. Adequate amount of soil moisture is needed when flowering and fruiting.
Weed Management
Nursery - Should be keep weeds free and hand weeded when necessary.
Pest and Disease Management
Pests
Thrips, Mites, Aphids and white flies are the causal agents for Chili leaf curl
Integrated pest management approach is the best way to control Chili leaf curl complex. Use of recommended Bio insecticides and applies in the correct stage of the crop. Leaf eating caterpillars and pod borers-use of recommended Bio insecticides.
Diseases
- Damping off (By Phythium spp, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina)
- Anthracnose (Colletotricum capsici)
- Leaf spots (Cerospora capsici)
- Powdery mildew (Oidiopsis taurica)
- Foot rot (Sclerotium rollftsii)
- Bacterial wilt
- Chili leaf mosaic virus
Control measures
- Prepare the nurseries on virgin soil or on sub soil
- Sterilization of nurseries
- Use of disease free seed material
- Field Sanitation
- Use of recommended Bio fungicides
Harvesting
Well matured green pods can be harvested as green chili. For the preparation of dry organic chili, the chili pods should be in fully red condition or more than 80% red stage. Under well manage situation 10-12 picks can be harvested as green chili or 7-9 picks as red chili stage.
Post-harvest Technology
Harvested red mature pods should be kept under room temperature for two days for the development of red color of partially red pods before expose to sunlight for drying. Chili pods are dried on laying material like tarpaulin, mats or gunny bags under sunlight. Good quality dry organic chili can be procured with 5-6 days of drying under hot summer sun.
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